- Firstly. The development of automobile lamp light technology and its trend.
It is said that the first car headlights are household portable lamps. 1887, a driver lost in the dark wilderness, a farmer with a portable lamp to lead him home. 1898, the Columbia electric car to electricity for headlights and taillights, so that the car lights were born. From the early acetylene gas headlights to today’s free-surface reflector gas discharge headlights (i.e., headlights using convex lens focusing technology), almost 120 years have passed.
Analysis of trends in automotive lighting.
LED lighting device is a light source that hardly generates heat and has a service life of more than 5 years. LED lighting device can directly convert electrical energy into light energy and the start-up time is only a few tens of nanoseconds, which can greatly reduce the accident rate for the brake light that is crucial in high-speed driving.
Ultra-high brightness LED lighting devices for automotive indicators, compared with traditional incandescent lamps, has many advantages: can withstand strong mechanical shock and vibration; average working life than incandescent bulbs by several orders of magnitude; LED brake lights can be packaged into a whole without having to consider maintenance. - Secondly, the composition and classification of automotive lamps and lanterns.
The basic component of the car lamp assembly is the light group, the light group includes three parts: light source (bulb), reflector and lens, as well as including the power cord, rear shell, front cover and other components; and the light distribution mirror, reflector design and the two and bulb filament position with the rationality of the key factors directly affecting the quality of the lamp.
Automotive lamps and lanterns can be divided into two categories with different functions: lighting lamps and signal lamps, lighting lamps are divided into external lighting lamps and internal lighting lamps.
Among them, the front fog lights and reversing lights are both lighting and signal lights. Among these lights, the lights belonging to the mandatory inspection are external lighting and external signal lights, because they are the key components of driving safety. - Thirdly, automotive lamps and lanterns include these classifications as follows.
1 External signaling devices
Position lights, stop lights, turn signals, brake lights, warning lights, rear fog lights, marker lights, outline lights, reflectors, triangular rear reflectors.
2 Internal lighting devices
Wall light, item light, reading light, step light, work light, engine compartment light, luggage compartment light.
3 Interior signal device
Power of lighting: From the current products offered in the market, there are roughly four kinds of lighting.
One is the power in line with the national standard 55-60W lights, owners in the choice of these products, only need to consider the model of the lights. In the specific operation process, the owner can find the model of the lamp in the lower corner of the glass of the car headlights, as long as you carefully control the purchase of the corresponding lights will not be wrong.
Some owners have a misconception that it is not meaningful to choose the same power lights to upgrade, in fact, the power of different brands of lights, although the same, but because the lamps or lights use different materials, coupled with different power generation gas, the effect of the lights can be very different.
The second category is 80W power lights, close to international standards, can be used for both general civilian cars, can also be used for modified cars.
The third category is 100W power lights. Owners need to pay attention to the fact that when the power of the lights is upgraded to 100W, the circuit of the original car is overloaded and needs to be retrofitted with a light booster, which involves a lot of professional knowledge, so it is recommended that ordinary car owners go to a professional modification store. In addition, the booster light material must use flame retardant materials, owners can use a lighter to light the booster light to detect its melting point.
The fourth category is 130W power lights, mainly used for vehicles that challenge special roads, such as rainforest off-road racing.
Signal light power: power appearance color selection more
Previously, the signal light wattage is generally 21W, the current market also provides some wattage slightly larger, with brightening function signal light products, such as 27W or in accordance with the U.S. standard production of 32CP signal lights. - Fourthly, car fog lights.
- fog lamps are divided into front fog lamps and rear fog lamps.
After the car fog light refers to the fog, snow, rain or dust filled with low visibility environment, in order to make the vehicle behind other road traffic participants easy to find and installed in the rear of the vehicle, luminous intensity than the taillight greater red signal. Visibility of less than 200 meters of the highway must use anti-fog lights
From January 1, 1999, the State Ministry of Public Security requires motor vehicles must be installed in line with national standards of fog lamps, not installed in accordance with the provisions of the rear fog lamp motor vehicles are not allowed to enter the highway.
The general highway in urban areas did not make the corresponding provisions, because the urban road driving itself due to a variety of mixed traffic, speed is not fast, coupled with the different speed limits of various sections, even without the installation of fog lights, as long as careful driving can also avoid the adverse effects of low visibility.
Penalty for violation of the use of fog lights – a minimum fine of 50 yuan, 1 point, driving a motor vehicle prohibited from driving into the highway into the highway, a deduction of 6 points, a fine of 200 yuan, and can be suspended for 12 months driving license. - Fog light use occasions
Fog lights have to be in the fog envelope, vision is obstructed before starting.
There are lights, but no fog, when the fog lights will come in handy?
When it is pouring rain
When it is foggy
When it’s pitch black
Fog lights can also be turned on when street lights are damaged and the street is in a situation where you can’t see anything. In general, fog lights are not allowed to be used at night instead of low beam.
Fog lights are brighter than general lights, so if you let them “shine” when it is not necessary, it will only interfere with the vision of other motorists, and in serious cases, it may cause a car accident.
- 3C certification of lamps and lanterns
Now the market sales of home appliances and electrical appliances, lighting products in addition to low-voltage lamps and lanterns below 36V, light sources, outdoor lamps and lanterns are not in the 3C compulsory certification, the rest are in the scope of compulsory certification, and all listed goods should be labeled with 3C logo. - EU passport – “CE” mark
The “CE” mark is a European common market safety mark, a kind of marking that declares the product’s compliance with the relevant EU directives. The use of CE marking is a mandatory requirement for EU members to sell their products.
The “CE” mark is an EU harmonized safety certification mark and is considered a passport for manufacturers to open and enter the European market. All products bearing the “CE” mark can be sold in each member state of the European Union without having to meet the requirements of each member state, thus realizing the free circulation of goods within the EU member states.
In the EU market, “CE” mark is a compulsory certification mark, whether it is the products produced by enterprises within the EU, or products produced in other countries, in order to circulate freely in the EU market, it is necessary to affix the “CE” mark.
- Fifthly, the role of car lamps and installation principles.
Headlights
Headlights, commonly known as headlights, can be divided into gas lamps (gas discharge lamps, such as HID) and electric lamps (filament lamps), depending on the light source they are installed with. Electric lamps are also divided into incandescent and tungsten halogen lamps. At present, the main electric lights used in China, headlights include low beam and high beam. The low beam is the near light used when there are other road users in front of the vehicle, so as not to cause each other dazzling or uncomfortable feeling, i.e. the light used when meeting the car; the high beam is the long-distance light used when there are no other road users in front of the vehicle.
Front Fog Lamp
Mainly used to improve road lighting in fog, snow, rain or dust conditions. To prevent dazzling of drivers of oncoming vehicles, the front fog light beam is projected closer to the ground compared to the near light beam.
Rear fog light, it is mainly in the foggy situation, from the rear of the vehicle observation, making the vehicle more visible lamps. Due to its strong penetrating power, it can, to a large extent, reduce the rear-end accidents of cars in bad weather conditions and prevent traffic accidents.
Position light, which is generally referred to as a small light, it is mainly a light indicating the presence and width of the vehicle.
Turn signal, this light is turned on when the vehicle is turning and flashes intermittently to alert vehicles and pedestrians in front and behind.
Brake light, this light is brighter, used to inform the car behind, the car in front to slow down or stop, this light such as improper use is very likely to cause rear-end accidents. In addition, to remind drivers is to replace the brake bulb to pay attention to: China’s production of vehicle taillights are generally “a bubble two”, the bulb has two filaments, the weaker for the small light, the stronger for the brake light. Some manufacturers will be designed for the high and low foot insert type, very easy to use. Be sure to take care not to reverse the connection when replacing.
Lighting and signal lamps are installed on the vehicle principle is: the benchmark axis of the lamps should be parallel to the ground; the benchmark axis of the side reflector and side position lamp is perpendicular to the longitudinal center of the vehicle, the benchmark axis of other lamps should be parallel to the longitudinal center, the tolerance of each direction is ± 3 °. This installation principle is especially important for lamps and lanterns whose installation position is not adjustable except for headlights and front fog lamps.
According to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce released , 60% of the car headlights failed, the main problems found in the quality, such as unqualified light distribution performance, poor optical performance, a significant part of the enterprise production is poor quality products.
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Sixthly, automotive lighting certification.
The focus of the automotive lighting system is the headlights, the major automobile production countries have strict standards for them. The light distribution points have the United States-style light distribution (SAE way) and European-style light distribution (ECE way), the former far light reflected by the reflector to the road, the latter in front of the bulb with a light distribution screen to block the lower part of the filament so that the beam up by the reflector refraction and then shot to the road. And near light way both similar, Europeans believe that ECE way to eliminate each other more effective glare. Large manufacturers of cars have been designed in accordance with the corresponding regulations and industry standards, taking into account the requirements of illumination and light distribution, before leaving the factory to ensure that the lights meet the standards.